Biology 195F - Phenotypic Plasticity and the Changing World

Expectations for citing sources in the Ecology Letters style are provided at the "Ecology Letters" website: 

You can review the citation style notes  in the "Presentation of Manuscript" section of the "Ecology Letters" author Instructions. 

Individual Citation Examples for Common Source Types

Journal article with 1 author:

Damuth, J. (1987). Interspecific allometry of population density in mammals and other animals: the independence of body mass and population energy‐use. Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 31, 193–246.

Journal article with 2 authors:

Greenberg, C.H. & McGrane, A. (1996). A comparison of relative abundance and biomass of ground-dwelling arthropods under different forest management practices. For. Ecol. Manage., 89, 31–41.

Journal article with more than 2 authors:

Reuman, D.C., Mulder, C., Raffaelli, D. & Cohen, J.E. (2008). Three allometric relations of population density to body mass: Theoretical integration and empirical tests in 149 food webs. Ecol. Lett., 11, 1216–1228.

White, E.P., Ernest, S.K.M., Kerkhoff, A.J. & Enquist, B.J. (2007). Relationships between body size and abundance in ecology. Trends Ecol. Evol., 22, 323–330.

Online Only (Electronic) Journal Article with more than 2 authors:

Cusumano, A., Urbach, S., Jouan, V., Vogel, H., Dicke, M., Volkoff, A.-N., et al. (2025). Convergence in symbiont-induced plant-mediated responses to herbivory: Cascading effects for foraging parasitoids. Ecol. Lett., 28, e70183.

MacLean, H.J., Sørensen, J.G., Kristensen, T.N., Loeschcke, V., Beedholm, K., Kellermann, V., et al. (2019). Evolution and plasticity of thermal performance: An analysis of variation in thermal tolerance and fitness in 22 Drosophila species. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci., 374, 20180548.

Sheldon, K.S., Padash, M., Carter, A.W. & Marshall, K.E. (2020). Different amplitudes of temperature fluctuation induce distinct transcriptomic and metabolomic responses in the dung beetle Phanaeus vindex. J. Exp. Biol., 223, jeb233239.

Book with 2 authors:

Legendre, P. & Legendre, L. (2012). Numerical ecology. Developments in Environmental Modeling. Third English. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Book chapter with more than 2 authors:

Rosenzweig, M.L., Donoghue, J., Li, Y.M. & Yan, C. (2011). Estimating species density. In: Biological Diversity: Frontiers in Measurement and Assessment (eds. Magurran, A.E. & McGill, B.J.). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 276–288.

Website:

NFU. (2022). How farmers can improve soil health. National Farmer’s Union (NFU) of England and Wales. Available at: https://www.nfuonline.com/updates-and-information/8-actions-farmers-can-take-to-improve-soil-health/. Last accessed 8 May 2024.

PhD Dissertation:

Zhou, S. (2011). Genetic basis of phenotypic plasticity in Drosophila melanogaster. Dissertation. North Carolina State University, Ann Arbor.